#ifndef SWEEPSTORE_TIMING_H
#define SWEEPSTORE_TIMING_H

/**
 * @file timing.h
 * @brief Hierarchical scope timing system for SweepStore
 *
 * Provides microsecond-precision performance profiling for arbitrary scopes
 * (functions, loops, code blocks) with automatic parent/child relationship
 * tracking. Outputs console statistics, CSV data, and Chrome Tracing JSON.
 *
 * Usage:
 *   #include "sweepstore/utils/timing.h"
 *
 *   void myFunction() {
 *       SWEEPSTORE_TIME_FUNCTION();  // Times entire function
 *
 *       {
 *           SWEEPSTORE_TIME_SCOPE("init");  // Times specific block
 *           // initialization code...
 *       }
 *
 *       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 *           SWEEPSTORE_TIME_SCOPE("loop_iteration");  // Times each iteration
 *           // loop body...
 *       }
 *   }
 *
 * Build with timing enabled:
 *   cmake -DENABLE_TIMING=ON -B build
 *   cmake --build build
 *
 * View results:
 *   1. Console statistics (automatic at program exit)
 *   2. sweepstore_timing.csv (flat aggregated data)
 *   3. sweepstore_trace.json (Chrome Tracing format: chrome://tracing)
 *
 * Performance:
 *   - Enabled: ~150-300ns overhead per instrumented scope
 *   - Disabled: Zero overhead (macros compile to nothing)
 *
 * Thread Safety:
 *   - Completely lock-free during hot paths
 *   - Thread-local storage eliminates contention
 *   - Each thread maintains independent timing tree
 */

#include <cstdint>
#include <string>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>

/**
 * @brief Aggregated timing statistics for a scope
 *
 * Stores cumulative statistics across all invocations of a scope.
 */
struct ScopeTimingStats {
    uint64_t callCount = 0;       ///< Total number of scope invocations
    uint64_t totalMicros = 0;     ///< Cumulative execution time in microseconds
    uint64_t minMicros = UINT64_MAX;  ///< Fastest single execution in microseconds
    uint64_t maxMicros = 0;       ///< Slowest single execution in microseconds
};

/**
 * @brief Single timing event for Chrome Tracing format
 *
 * Represents one execution of a scope. Chrome Tracing viewer automatically
 * builds hierarchical trees from timestamp overlaps.
 */
struct TimingTraceEvent {
    std::string name;              ///< Scope name (function name or custom label)
    uint64_t startMicros;          ///< Absolute timestamp in microseconds since epoch
    uint64_t durationMicros;       ///< Duration in microseconds
    uint64_t threadId;             ///< Thread ID (unique per thread)
    uint64_t parentEventId;        ///< Parent event ID (0 if root scope)
    uint64_t eventId;              ///< Unique ID for this event
};

/**
 * @brief Internal timing functions (do not call directly)
 *
 * These functions are called automatically by the RAII timer class.
 * Use SWEEPSTORE_TIME_FUNCTION() or SWEEPSTORE_TIME_SCOPE() instead.
 */
namespace SweepstoreTiming {
    void recordScopeStart(const char* name, uint64_t eventId);
    void recordScopeEnd(const char* name, uint64_t eventId, uint64_t startMicros, uint64_t durationMicros, uint64_t threadId);
    uint64_t getCurrentEventId();
    uint64_t getNextEventId();
    uint64_t getParentEventId();
    uint64_t getThreadId();         // Get unique sequential thread ID
    void initOutputFile();           // Call once at program start
    void flushThreadData();          // Call before thread exits to save timing data
    void finalizeOutputFile();       // Call once at program end
}

/**
 * @brief RAII timer for automatic scope timing
 *
 * This class implements RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization) pattern
 * for timing. Timer starts in constructor, stops in destructor. Automatically
 * tracks parent/child relationships via thread-local scope stack.
 *
 * DO NOT instantiate directly - use the macros instead:
 *   - SWEEPSTORE_TIME_FUNCTION() for functions
 *   - SWEEPSTORE_TIME_SCOPE(name) for arbitrary scopes
 *
 * Thread Safety:
 *   - Thread-local storage ensures zero contention
 *   - Each thread maintains independent scope stack
 *   - Safe for concurrent use across multiple threads
 *
 * Performance:
 *   - Constructor: ~5ns
 *   - Destructor: ~150-300ns (includes stats update and trace event recording)
 */
class SweepstoreScopeTimer {
private:
    const char* scopeName;
    std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point startTime;
    uint64_t myEventId;
    uint64_t parentEventId;

public:
    explicit SweepstoreScopeTimer(const char* name)
        : scopeName(name)
        , startTime(std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now())
        , myEventId(SweepstoreTiming::getNextEventId())
        , parentEventId(SweepstoreTiming::getParentEventId())
    {
        SweepstoreTiming::recordScopeStart(scopeName, myEventId);
    }

    ~SweepstoreScopeTimer() {
        auto endTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
        auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(endTime - startTime);
        auto startMicros = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
            startTime.time_since_epoch()
        ).count();

        // Get thread ID (use sequential thread ID instead of hash)
        uint64_t threadId = SweepstoreTiming::getThreadId();

        SweepstoreTiming::recordScopeEnd(
            scopeName,
            myEventId,
            startMicros,
            duration.count(),
            threadId
        );
    }

    // Disable copy and move
    SweepstoreScopeTimer(const SweepstoreScopeTimer&) = delete;
    SweepstoreScopeTimer& operator=(const SweepstoreScopeTimer&) = delete;
    SweepstoreScopeTimer(SweepstoreScopeTimer&&) = delete;
    SweepstoreScopeTimer& operator=(SweepstoreScopeTimer&&) = delete;
};

/**
 * @brief Timing instrumentation macros
 *
 * These macros provide a simple interface for instrumenting code with timing.
 * They compile to nothing when SWEEPSTORE_ENABLE_TIMING is 0 (default).
 *
 * @def SWEEPSTORE_TIME_FUNCTION()
 * Times the entire function. Uses __FUNCTION__ for scope name.
 * Place at the start of the function body.
 *
 * Example:
 *   void myFunction() {
 *       SWEEPSTORE_TIME_FUNCTION();
 *       // function body...
 *   }
 *
 * @def SWEEPSTORE_TIME_SCOPE(name)
 * Times an arbitrary scope with a custom name. Useful for:
 *   - Code blocks
 *   - Loop iterations
 *   - Lambda functions
 *   - Critical sections
 *   - Class methods (use "ClassName::methodName" as the name)
 *
 * Example:
 *   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 *       SWEEPSTORE_TIME_SCOPE("loop_iteration");
 *       // loop body...
 *   }
 *
 *   void MyClass::myMethod() {
 *       SWEEPSTORE_TIME_SCOPE("MyClass::myMethod");
 *       // method body...
 *   }
 *
 *   auto lambda = [&]() {
 *       SWEEPSTORE_TIME_SCOPE("lambda_processing");
 *       // lambda body...
 *   };
 */
#ifndef SWEEPSTORE_ENABLE_TIMING
#define SWEEPSTORE_ENABLE_TIMING 0
#endif

#if SWEEPSTORE_ENABLE_TIMING
    #define SWEEPSTORE_TIME_FUNCTION() SweepstoreScopeTimer __sweepstore_timer_##__LINE__(__FUNCTION__)
    #define SWEEPSTORE_TIME_SCOPE(name) SweepstoreScopeTimer __sweepstore_timer_##__LINE__(name)
#else
    #define SWEEPSTORE_TIME_FUNCTION() ((void)0)
    #define SWEEPSTORE_TIME_SCOPE(name) ((void)0)
#endif

#endif // SWEEPSTORE_TIMING_H